exposed

  • Pinus flexilis / limber pine

    Pinus flexilis / limber pine

    • high elevation, rocky or talus, dry, high-stress habitat
    • often - stunted and deformed by wind
    • highly flexible branches
    • needles in bundles (fascicles) of 5
    • often - semi-rotted cones on ground below
  • Pteridium aquilinum / common bracken

    Pteridium aquilinum / common bracken

    • a fern with large, triangular fronds, up to 4 ft tall
    • fronds subdivided into triangular leaflets
    • herbaceous perennial
    • deciduous with annual regrowth first appearing as fiddleheads in spring
    • wide range of habitats, including full sun
  • Rumex crispus / curly dock

    Rumex crispus / curly dock

    • rather large, lance-shaped leaves
    • curly leaf margins, like crisped bacon or "crinkly-wavy"
    • tall flowering stalks with many, many small yellow/green-ish flowers
    • fruits are just like the flowers but deep red
    • widespread and very much a weed
  • Sambucus nigra / common elderberry

    Sambucus nigra / common elderberry

    • shrub or small tree blooming in late spring
    • leaves opposite
    • pinnately compound with up to 9 leaflets with serrated edges
    • flowers are white, 5-petaled, in flat-topped clusters of clusters
    • "berries" are red or dark blue/black in August; often drooping when mature
  • Scrophularia lanceolate / lanceleaf figwort

    Scrophularia lanceolate / lanceleaf figwort

    • teeny, snapdragon-like flowers
    • flowers urn-shaped, mostly yellow, with red or green at the tips
    • flowers look like they aren't yet opened
    • flowers on elongated panicle at the top of a tall-ish plant
    • opposite leaves like stinging nettle without the stingers
    • up to 5 feet tall in full sun/partial shade
  • Solanum physalifolium / ground cherry nightshade

    Solanum physalifolium / ground cherry nightshade

    • flowers look like potato or tomato flowers
    • small white, 5 recurved petals
    • clump of yellow stamens protrude from flower
    • triangular leaves with wedge-shaped bases
    • usually sprawling on ground
  • Solidago canadensis / goldenrod

    Solidago canadensis / goldenrod

    • large sprays of yellow flowers in late summer and fall
    • often tall and in large colonies
    • lance-shaped, toothed leaves
    • mostly (but not always) in disturbed areas
  • Thlaspi arvense / field pennycress

    Thlaspi arvense / field pennycress

    • inflorescence a raceme with white, teeny flowers
    • oval seed pods ca. 1/3" across
    • blooms late spring and summer
    • continues blooming as pods fill from older flowers
    • common weed in disturbed habitats including cultivated land
  • Turritis glabra / tower mustard

    Turritis glabra / tower mustard

    • long (3"-ish) stick-like seedpods, erect and hugging the stem
    • nondescript mustard-family 4 petalled flowers in a cluster at the top
    • tall stem with leaves clasping the stem (no petioles)
    • generally in exposed, dry habitats
  • Veronica officinalis / heath speedwell

    Veronica officinalis / heath speedwell

    • prostrate, herbaceous perennial
    • hairy green stems and leaves (obvious)
    • short, erect, spike-like shoots
    • ¼" blue/violet flowers
    • 4 petals with purple stripes
    • gaps and exposed soils
  • Wyethia amplexicaulis / yellow mules ear

    Wyethia amplexicaulis / yellow mules ear

    • blooms in late June, July
    • large yellow sunflower-like central flower, smaller additional flowers
    • long, shiny, not-hairy leaves - like green mule's ears
    • strongly aromatic
    • may cover acres, almost as a monoculture
    • crunchy in the fall
  • Wyethia helianthoides / white mule's ears

    Wyethia helianthoides / white mule’s ears

    • large, white-rayed flowers - like daisies
    • large leaves, reminiscent of mule's ears
    • uncommon but in huge profusion when it is found
    • in wetlands or wetter meadows and especially in the spring.