… in dandelions and species with similar “parachutes”, the pappus is the feathery bristles that make up the parachute and let the seed drift on the wind. Not to be confused with papoose.

… the short stem supporting a flower, playing a role similar to that of a petiole for a leaf.

… the stem bearing a flower or fruit; the main stalk supporting an inflorescence.

… the short stalk or stem that joins a leaf to the main stem of the plant. In some species this is so short it is apparently absent and the leaves are “sessile”.  A bud, big or small, or a new branch will be in the axil of the petiole and the stem.

… the timing of a periodic biological phenomenon (such as germination, development or flowering), often in relation to the progress of seasons.

… a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower.

… coherent masses of pollen grains – i.e. all stuck together – found on some flowers, especially orchids. Single or paired pollinia often attach themselves to pollinating insects and are transported to other flowers.

… a condition in which an organism has more than two paired sets of chromosomes. Although many plants are polyploid, most animals, including humans, are diploid – having one set of chromosomes from each parent.

… all the individuals of a given species living in a particular area… as a group.

… in actual botany, thorns are derived from shoots so may be branched, may have leaves, and may arise from a bud; spines are derived from leaves and have vascular bundles, like leaf petioles or stipules; prickles are derived from epidermal tissue so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have vascular bundles. Wikipedia